This perspective reminds us that we are all part of a larger social system that influences and is influenced by our actions. Despite its limitations, it provides valuable insights into how different parts of society contribute to the whole. In conclusion, the structural-functional theory is a key perspective in sociology that views society as an integrated system working together for stability. For example, it can help us understand why certain rituals or traditions persist in societies, as they often serve a purpose for the social order. In sociology, the structural-functional theory can be used to explain a wide range of social phenomena. Using Structural-Functional Theory in Sociology Durkheim’s work has greatly influenced how we think about society and its functioning. He believed that society is a reality “sui generis,” or of its own kind, separate from the individuals who compose it. Famous ProponentsĮmile Durkheim, a French sociologist, is one of the most famous proponents of the structural-functional theory. It also tends to assume that all parts of society work well and for the common good, which may not always be the case. Some people argue that it overlooks social inequalities, like those based on race, class, or gender. However, like any theory, the structural-functional theory has its criticisms. Criticisms of the Structural-Functional Theory For instance, it shows us how families provide emotional support, and schools help children develop skills for their future jobs. It emphasizes the importance of social order and cooperation. One of the main strengths of the theory is its focus on the positive aspects of society. Strengths of the Structural-Functional Theory When they put on structural functionalism’s glasses, sociologists view society from a distance and look for social order and. It looks at society as a whole and focuses on the institutions, rather than individuals, within it. The aim is to understand how different parts contribute to the stability and order of the whole. Seeing the Social World Using Structural Functionalism Structural functionalism is a macro-theoretical perspective. For example, it might study the role of the family in raising children or how education prepares individuals for their future roles in society. The theory looks at various aspects of society. What Does the Structural-Functional Theory Look At? The idea is that these parts work together to keep the whole system running smoothly. Just as every organ in our body has a specific function, every part of society – whether it’s family, school, or government – serves a particular purpose. This theory considers society as a complex system, much like a human body. It is believed that this results in a continued struggle that leads to various disadvantages for society.First, let’s unpack what the structural-functional theory means. men in feminism) which controls other social institutions through various methods for exploitation. In these theories, there is usually a ruling class (E.g. It is believed that without the cooperation between social institutions, society would collapse into chaos where there is a lack of agreement on how individuals should behave themselves.Ĭonflict theories such as Marxism and Feminism believe that there is conflict between different social institutions in society. This cooperation is formed due to a general agreement on the norms and values of society shared between individuals. Consensus theories such as functionalism believe that the cooperation between different social institutions forms the basis of social life.
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